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Articles (87)

 
MARCH 2008

IF YOU’RE AGE 70 or older, your nutritional needs—and the best ways to meet them—aren’t the same as somebody who’s 25, or even 50. So Tufts experts have developed a food pyramid especially for you. The Modified Food Guide Pyramid for Older Adults, an update to a resource originally introduced in 1999, reflects changes to correspond with the new USDA food pyramid, MyPyramid. That Internet-based program, debuted in 2005, customizes dietary guidance based on sex, age, height, weight and exercise habits.…

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APRIL 2007

IN A FINDING THAT challenges many of the promises of the multibillion- dollar diet and fitness industry, a new study suggests that cutting calories and exercising more are both equally effective for losing weight.…

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$ 1.95   |    JANUARY 2007

ARE THE APPARENT hearthealthy benefits of moderate alcohol consumption actually due to drinking? Or have previous studies, which have found that adults who drink moderate amounts of alcohol have a lower risk of heart attack than non-drinkers, been confused by other lifestyle factors? For example, moderate drinkers might also be more likely to eat a healthy diet or exercise regularly.…

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$ 1.95   |    FEBRUARY 2006

THE SHIFTING scientific story on “carbs” in your diet took another twist at the American Heart Association’s recent Scientific Sessions: Results from the OmniHeart study presented at the conference showed that substituting protein or monounsaturated fats for 10% of carbohydrates in an already healthy diet can reduce heart-disease risk.…

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FEBRUARY 2007

EVEN AS EXPERTS are sounding the alarm about a global diabetes epidemic—predicting a surge to 380 million diabetics, 7% of the world’s population, by 2025…

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MARCH 2007

TO PARAPHRASE a popular public-service commercial, This is your brain… this is your brain on exercise. But in this case, the message is hopeful instead of scary:…

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$ 1.95   |    MARCH 2005

Is your exercise program going downhill? A new study of hikers in the Alps suggests that may be OK, especially if you’re looking to reduce blood sugar. The Austrian researchers found that, while hiking uphill was more effective for lowering levels of fats called triglycerides, hiking downhill was better for reducing blood sugars and improving glucose tolerance. Both directions worked to lower bad cholesterol.…

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$ 1.95   |    MARCH 2006

FREQUENT EXERCISE seems to delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, according to a new study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. The findings add to the mounting evidence that keeping active can help keep your mind sharp as you age.…

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MARCH 2008

A NEW STUDY HAS SHOWN that regular, non-strenuous physical activity can substantially reduce the risk for vascular dementia, a slow, progressive thief of memory and cognitive function similar to Alzheimer’s disease.…

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$ 1.95   |    MARCH 2007

EVEN AS researchers are finding clues that aerobic exercise helps keep the brain youthful (see page 1), another new study adds to the evidence that mental exercise can contribute to keeping your brain “fit.”…

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FEBRUARY 2008

Making sense of seemingly contrary findings on the risks from being overweight.…

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$ 1.95   |    APRIL 2005

The popular image of overweight people spending much of the day sleeping may have it completely backwards. A growing body of research is beginning to suggest a connection between obesity and lack of sleep. Indeed, it may be no coincidence that even as Americans’ hectic lives have led us to sleep less, we’ve grown fatter. While it’s too soon to say that getting a good night’s sleep will help you lose weight, scientists are starting to understand the complex inter-relationships between sleep, appetite and obesity.…

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$ 1.95   |    APRIL 2005

EVERYTHING YOU THINK YOU KNOW about constipation is probably wrong. Lack of dietary fiber is usually not to blame for chronic constipation, and drinking more fluids likely won’t help. You can’t get “addicted” to laxatives, and there’s no evidence of “rebound constipation” after you stop taking them. And if you’ve ever considered “colon cleansing,” forget about it.…

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$ 1.95   |    MAY 2005

Diets that promise weight loss by substituting steak for pasta and bacon for bread may be a recipe for increased heart-disease risk. A new report on a 15-year study of women’s health and eating habits by the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine suggests that if you’re replacing carbohydrates with protein, the type of protein you pick can make a difference to your long-term health. The researchers found an association between eating more vegetable protein and a reduced risk of heart disease. But eating more red meat and dairy products in place of carbohydrates was linked to greater coronary heart disease mortality.…

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$ 1.95   |    MAY 2005

YOU’VE HEARD MOST of Mireille Guiliano’s diet and exercise advice before from others, some of it even in the pages of this newsletter: Eat more slowly and eat smaller portions. Start every day with a real breakfast. Favor nuts, fruit, vegetables and fish, especially salmon. Drink more water. Wine and dark chocolate in moderation can’t hurt and might help. Walk more, take the stairs, and start resistance training. Get a good night’s sleep.…

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JULY 2005

Researchers at Northwestern University have laid to rest the myth that people with arthritis shouldn’t exercise. Just the opposite turns out to be true: Older people with arthritis who exercise are less likely to develop physical limitations that hamper their daily lives.…

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$ 1.95   |    JULY 2005

ARECENT HEADLINE in Time magazine asked the question many Americans are wondering in the wake of a controversial study by the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): “Is it OK to be pudgy?” The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), is among the most rigorous yet to look at the relationship between weight and mortality. To the bafflement of many scientists and the consternation of America’s $46 billiona- year diet industry, it found that people who are overweight but not obese have a lower risk of death than those of “normal” weight, as defined by the government using Body Mass Index (BMI).…

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$ 1.95   |    APRIL 2006

PEOPLE WHO CONSUME regular daily portions of vegetables, whole grains and fruit tend to have healthier blood pressure levels than their more carnivorous peers, according to a new British study. The findings bolster recommendations that adults eat more plant-based foods for the sake of their cardiovascular health.…

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$ 1.95   |    JULY 2005

THANKS TO THE ARSENAL of powerful medical weapons doctors now have at their disposal to fight high cholesterol, it’s easy to overlook the importance of diet in that battle. Even if you know to cut back on dietary fats, the other side of the coin—what foods to eat more of to combat high blood cholesterol— often gets short shrift.…

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$ 1.95   |    JULY 2005

VARIETY REALLY IS THE SPICE OF LIFE, at least when it comes to keeping your brain sharp. Keeping active can help ward off dementia, according to researchers at Johns Hopkins University and the University of Pittsburgh, but it’s the variety and not the intensity of activity that counts. Their study, recently published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, followed 3,375 men and women over the age of 65 for eight years, quizzing them on their frequency of 15 common physical activities for seniors. Participants in the widest variety of activities were significantly less likely to develop dementia over the period of the study.…

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JANUARY 2008

If you’ve been diligent with your workout regimen but frustrated because you can’t see the results on the bathroom scale, take heart—literally. In fact, your heart may be benefiting more than you realize.…

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MAY 2007

HERE’S ANOTHER REASON for women to watch their cholesterol levels: A new analysis of data from the Women’s Health Study has found that women with elevated cholesterol levels had twice the risk for ischemic stroke compared to women with the lowest cholesterol levels,…

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$ 1.95   |    MAY 2006

THE INK WAS HARDLY DRY on the controversial news about low-fat diets from the Women’s Health Initiative (see last month’s Healthletter) when a second arm of the study reported more results that seemed to contradict conventional medical wisdom: In a sevenyear trial of 36,282 postmenopausal women, researchers found no significant benefit from calcium and vitamin D supplementation in preventing hip fractures.…

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$ 1.95   |    DECEMBER 2005

YOUR MOTHER ALWAYS TOLD YOU breakfast was the most important meal of the day, and a new Michigan State University study finds mom was right—at least if you’re a woman watching her weight.…

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APRIL 2008

Want to live longer? A new study shows just how powerful four simple healthy habits can be in warding off the Grim Reaper.…

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$ 1.95   |    JUNE 2006

HITTING THE WEIGHT ROOM twice a week for an hour can help women prevent or at least slow “middle-aged spread,” the onerous buildup of tummy fat that often takes hold with aging, a new study suggests. And that’s good news since belly fat—the deep fat that wraps itself around organs—is linked with heart disease and other ailments.…

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$ 1.95   |    NOVEMBER 2005

MOST YOGA SESSIONS aren’t strenuous enough to meet the requirements for daily exercise or to burn off lots of calories, but yoga may still indirectly help prevent “middle-aged spread.”…

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$ 1.95   |    SEPTEMBER 2005

IT WAS DISNEY’S LITTLE MERMAID, Ariel, who sang, “I’ve got gadgets and gizmos aplenty, whozits and whatzits galore,” but even she might draw the line at the wave of new whozits and whatzits promising to help count calories that you burn. These pricey gizmos, from Timex as well as fitness companies such as Polar and Nike, go beyond the familiar pedometer to monitor heart rates and energy consumption. Some are home versions of the calorie-counters at fitness clubs. Many look like—and double as— wristwatches.…

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$ 1.95   |    JULY 2007

The slow, graceful movements of Tai Chi, already recognized as a good, low-impact exercise for older people, may also boost the immune responses that prevent the painful nerve condition known as shingles.…

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JULY 2007

PEOPLE WHO EXERCISE regularly and vigorously— more than just an occasional stroll around the block—may see their efforts rewarded with a lowered risk of Parkinson’s disease. That’s the promising news from researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health who found that subjects who were the most active, performing 30 minutes of moderate to intense physical exercise a day, had a 40% lower chance of developing the disease.…

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$ 1.95   |    NOVEMBER 2006

EVEN AS RESEARCHERS seem to be confirming the link between abnormal weight and risk of death (see above), two other new studies cast doubt on the most common measure of overweight, obesity and underweight: Body Mass Index (BMI).…

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$ 1.95   |    NOVEMBER 2006

HIS HOLIDAY gift-giving season, think beyond the snowflake sweater and cheesesthrough- the-mail! Consider supporting your loved ones’ health…

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$ 1.95   |    OCTOBER 2005

Study suggests secret of low-carb, high-protein diet fads.…

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$ 1.95   |    NOVEMBER 2006

IF YOU’RE ALREADY CHANGING your lifestyle to fight heart disease, there’s good news: You may be helping to prevent Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia at the same time.…

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$ 1.95   |    OCTOBER 2005

But chocolate’s still no “health food”—it’s the flavonols.…

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$ 1.95   |    JULY 2006

AMERICANS HAVE ACCEPTED an unhealthy level of sleep deprivation as a way of life, opening themselves to a host of costly accidents and illness. That’s the conclusion of a special panel of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), in their report on “Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem.” …

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AUGUST 2007

MATURE WOMEN looking to slow age-related weight gain can look to vitamin D and calcium for a little extra help. A new study finds that postmenopausal women taking supplemental amounts of those nutrients gained less weight over time. The women even found it easier to shed a few pounds than those who did not take the supplements.…

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$ 1.95   |    JULY 2006

GO AHEAD, HAVE ANOTHER cup of coffee. A newly published study that followed some 120,000 men and women for up to 20 years has found no link between coffee consumption and higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).…

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$ 1.95   |    JANUARY 2005

How to make the switch to healthier fats—without getting fat.…

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$ 1.95   |    JANUARY 2005

Lower blood sugar, avoiding traffic jams, finishing high school all linked to reduced risk.…

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$ 1.95   |    OCTOBER 2006

NEED ANOTHER REASON to lose that “spare tire”? A large European study suggests that adults who carry much of their fat around the middle may be at increased risk for colon cancer.…

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$ 1.95   |    AUGUST 2006

DOES POLICOSANOL, a mixture of plant alcohols most often derived from sugar cane, really fight unhealthy cholesterol? More than 80 studies appear to prove policosanol’s power to reduce levels of LDL, the “bad” cholesterol. Policosanol is sold as a dietary supplement under dozens of brand names, at about $10-$15 for a 60-pill bottle, and is included in Bayer’s One- A-Day Cholesterol Plus vitamins.…

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NOVEMBER 2007

Experts from the American Heart Asso ciation and the American College of sports Medicine(ACSM)recently issued new recommendations for exercising—spelling out minimum levels…

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DECEMBER 2007

REGULAR EXERCISE that keeps the heart strong may also strengthen cartilage in the knees and protect older patients from osteoarthritis, according to a new Australian study.…

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OCTOBER 2007

Just in time for the return of sniffle season, new research reviews have added to the debate over three popular—but unproven—weapons against the common cold: echinacea, vitamin C and zinc. Overall, the meta-analyses give a boost to echinacea’s claims while dousing hopes for vitamin C and zinc lozenges. But the bottom line on all three remains a big maybe.…

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$ 1.95   |    FEBRUARY 2006

GETTING UP OFF YOUR DUFF can add almost four years to your life, according to a new analysis of data from the long-running Framingham Heart Study. Although many previous studies have shown a range of health benefits from physical activity—…

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$ 1.95   |    MARCH 2006

RESEARCHERS KEEP DISCOVERING new benefits from getting enough vitamin D, which has been linked to everything from stronger bones to preventing prostate cancer (see the December and May 2005 Healthletters). Now a study, recently published in Chest, has found that the higher the level of vitamin D in your blood, the better your lungs seem to function.…

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JANUARY 2007

Cardiovascular disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may share common risk factors, such as blood pressure, weight, systemic inflammation and (it’s hypothesized) dysfunction of the cells that line blood vessels. So might an active lifestyle, known to help protect the heart, also help protect your eyes? Researchers at the University of Wisconsin tested that idea in a population-based study of 3,874 citizens of Beaver Dam, Wisc., ages 43 to 86. The study found that regular exercise three or more times a week was associated with as much as a 70% reduction in the risk of developing AMD.…

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$ 1.95   |    SEPTEMBER 2006

CAN A HEART-HEALTHY LIFESTYLE really make a difference? A new study published in the American Heart Association journal Circulation says yes—and that it’s never too late to start. Researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) identified five key healthy lifestyle factors, then looked at 42,847 men, ages 40 to 75, over a 16-year period to see how their lifestyles matched up with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The study found that even men taking antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications may reduce their risk of heart problems through lifestyle choices.…

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$ 1.95   |    JANUARY 2006

IF YOU’RE A MIDDLE-AGED couch potato, here’s yet another reason to get off your duff: Regular exercise now may help prevent dementia and Alzheimer’s disease later. Researchers at the Aging Research Center of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have found that exercising at least twice weekly in midlife reduces the risk of dementia by …

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$ 1.95   |    AUGUST 2005

THREE NEW STUDIES have shed a bit more light on prostate cancer, which will affect one in six men during their lifetime, and suggest ways men might reduce their risk as well as better evaluate their treatment options. The most extensive of the studies, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, looked for links between exercise and reduced risk of prostate cancer among 48,000 men working in health professions. The researchers studied data spanning 14 years, during which time 2,892 of the subjects developed prostate cancer, including 482 advanced cases. Participants were quizzed about how much time they spent doing a variety of physical activities: walking, running, hiking, bicycling, swimming laps, rowing, playing racket sports, doing calisthenics.…

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JUNE 2008

CONSTANTLY TIRED? Get up off the couch and move! Two new studies add to the growing body of evidence that light exercise—in some cases as little as 10 minutes a day—can do more to replenish energy levels and beat the “blahs” than taking it easy.…

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MAY 2008

A NEW STUDY of more than 60,000 people suggests that you have a new weapon against strokes: those old sneakers gathering dust in the closet. Lacing them up and hitting the trail—walking for 30 minutes five times a week or jogging a halfhour three times a week—can reduce your risk of stroke by at least 40%.…

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$ 1.95   |    MAY 2008

Dieting with whole grains trims belly fat and chronic-disease risk.
Cutting calories by filling up on whole grains may be better for your belly as well as your heart. Researchers at Penn State report that dieters who consume plenty of whole grains lose more abdominal fat and improve levels of a marker of inflammation linked to diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.…

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JULY 2008

A brisk walk may not exactly lead you to the fountain of youth—but a new research review suggests it’s a good start. According to the report in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, vigorous walking for about an hour a day, five times a week, can boost your maximal oxygen intake by as much as 25% within just three months. That’s enough to turn back the clock on 12 years of natural decline with aging. For seniors, it could also add a dozen years of functional independence.…

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JULY 2008

A tape measure may be as good a gauge of healthy weight as your bathroom scale. Though obesity raises your risk for chronic health conditions, recent research suggests that where you carry extra pounds makes a difference. New studies link “belly fat” with increased risk of death, heart disease and cancer, even risk of dementia.…

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JULY 2008

Making some simple dietary changes, losing a few pounds and adding a little light exercise to your daily routine can significantly lower your risk factors for diabetes and heart disease. So says a new Finnish study that found even small lifestyle changes helped reduce abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome—the cluster of risk factors including waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels—by as much as 15%.…

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$ 1.95   |    AUGUST 2008

Milk may do your body good, but not by helping you lose weight. A new review of 49 randomized clinical trials testing the effect of dairy products and calcium supplements on body weight concludes that neither plays a key role in weight reduction. Despite dairy-industry claims, 41 of the studies reviewed showed no significant effect of dairy consumption on body weight; only five trials had positive weight-loss results, while one linked dairy consumption to a reduced rate of body-fat buildup. Two clinical trials actually associated dairy intake with gaining weight.…

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AUGUST 2008

Here goes one more excuse for not exercising, right out the window: Even if you’re overweight or obese, regular physical activity reduces your risk for heart disease. It’s not just that exercise helps you lose weight. Researchers behind a new study, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, suspect that physical activity directly combats heart disease.…

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OCTOBER 2008

The “good” type of cholesterol—high-density lipoprotein, or HDL—appears to help protect against heart attack and stroke. Now research suggests HDL may also be good for your memory.…

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$ 1.95   |    OCTOBER 2008

While you don’t actually have to begin each entry “Dear Diary,” keeping a food diary can be a valuable tool for losing weight. An observational study of 1,685 overweight or obese patients reports a connection between recording what you eat and successful weight loss: As the number of daily food records per week went up, so did the pounds of weight that subjects dropped.…

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OCTOBER 2008

GETTING PLENTY of exercise may help keep your brain fit. New research at the University of Kansas finds that people with early Alzheimer’s disease who did best on a treadmill test were also less prone to the brain atrophy associated with the disease. The study, published in Neurology, used the treadmill to measure peak oxygen consumption—a gauge of cardiorespiratory fitness—and MRI imaging to view the brains of 57 patients with early Alzheimer’s and a control group of 64 people free of dementia. After controlling for age, higher peak oxygen consumption was associated with greater whole brain volume as well as the volume of white matter, the core surrounded by the brain’s “gray matter.”…

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NOVEMBER 2008

THE SAME HEALTHY HABITS that help protect your heart may also reduce your risk of stroke, according to a new study published in Circulation. People who exercised and ate a healthy diet, drank alcohol in moderation, watched their weight and stayed away from smoking were about 80% less likely to suffer the most common type of stroke than those with the unhealthiest habits.…

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DECEMBER 2008

You already know that keeping active whether walking the treadmill at the gym or gardening in the backyard-can help your heart and your waistline. Now a major Japanese epidemiological study adds to the growing evidence that getting off the couch can also reduce your risk of cancer.…

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JANUARY 2009

Don’t be intimidated by the figure of 2 1/2 hours a week of physical activity in the new federal exercise guidelines, says Tufts’ Miriam Nelson, PhD, who served as vice chair of the expert panel behind the recommendations. “Any activity is better than nothing. That’s the really important message,” says Nelson, an associate professor at the Friedman School and director of the John Hancock Center for Physical Activity and Nutrition. “Don’t think, ‘I’ll never get there.’ It’s important to take a stepwise approach.”…

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JANUARY 2009

Two new reports add to the growing body of evidence that keeping your body fit also helps keep your brain in shape—not just preventing but actually reversing mental decline.…

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MARCH 2009

Even an occasional workout could cut your risk 18%.
Anew study of the relationship between weight, physical activity and the risk of heart failure in men shows the benefits of losing even a few pounds or exercising just a couple of times a month. On the other hand, men who were both obese and inactive were almost three times as likely to suffer heart failure as lean and active men (See Box).

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MARCH 2009

Although walking is the most popular way adults engage in physical activity, little research has been done on walking’s effect on weight—until now. A new study following 4,995 men and women over a 15-year period finds that regular walking is an effective way to counter the tendency to pack on pounds as people add years to their age.

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CAN YOU SPARE about seven minutes a week to help ward off diabetes? A new Scottish clinical study suggests that spurts of high-intensity exercise can significantly improve factors such as insulin resistance and glucose tolerance linked to type 2 diabetes risk. “The efficacy of a high-intensity exercise protocol, involving only about 250 calories of work each week, to substantially improve insulin action in young sedentary subjects is remarkable,” concluded James A. Timmons, PhD, of Heriot-Watt University and colleagues in BMC Endocrine Disorders. …

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MAY 2009

CAN YOU SPARE about seven minutes a week to help ward off diabetes? A new Scottish clinical study suggests that spurts of high-intensity exercise can significantly improve factors such as insulin resistance and glucose tolerance linked to type 2 diabetes risk. “The efficacy of a high-intensity exercise protocol, involving only about 250 calories of work each week, to substantially improve insulin action in young sedentary subjects is remarkable,” concluded James A. Timmons, PhD, of Heriot-Watt University and colleagues in BMC Endocrine Disorders. …

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JUNE 2009

THAT EXTRA bacon burger could be shortening your life. A new National Cancer Institute study, among the largest of its kind, reports that people who eat the most red meat and processed meat have a higher risk of death than those eating the least. Higher consumption of white meat such as poultry and fish, however, was associated with a lower risk of death.…

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JUNE 2009

THE GOOD NEWS from the largest-ever controlled trial of weight-loss regimens is that you can ditch the fad-diet books that promise “30 pounds in 30 days.” Whatever plan you follow, researchers concluded, the bottom line is calories. The 811 overweight participants in the two-year study all ended up losing an average of nine pounds and two inches in waist size, regardless of which of the four tested diets they were randomly assigned to.…

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JULY 2009

Nearly a third of people over age 65 suffer a fall every year, with 20% of those spills requiring medical attention. Exercises that target balance and strength, such as Tai Chi, can reduce your risk of a possibly crippling fall, according to a new review of 111 trials totaling 55,303 participants.…

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JULY 2009

Cutting back on sugar-sweetened sodas may be more effective for weight loss than skipping the same amount of calories in solid food. A new study reports that each daily 12-ounce serving of sugared soft drinks eliminated from the diet led to one pound of weight loss after six months. Reducing liquid calories appeared to result in greater weight loss than cutting equivalent amounts of calories from food.…

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$ 1.95   |    AUGUST 2009

A diet designed to fight high blood pressure may also protect women against heart failure, according to a new US study of 36,019 Swedish women. The women, ages 48 to 83 initially, were ranked by how closely their diets matched the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) plan. Over seven years, 443 women suffered heart failure. The one-fourth of the women whose diets most closely followed the DASH regimen were 37% less likely to have heart failure than the bottom one-quarter. The 10% of women best matching the DASH plan did even better, with only half the rate of heart failure.…

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OCTOBER 2009

Is there anything you can do to reduce your risk of cognitive decline and dementia? Research presented at the recent International Conference on Alzheimer’s Disease (ICAD) in Vienna suggests several promising ways to answer “yes.” The findings add to a growing body of evidence that lifestyle changes—exercise, diet, even how much alcohol you drink—can help prevent or slow the mental decline that too often comes with aging.…

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$ 1.95   |    OCTOBER 2009

Women who adopt six key dietary and lifestyle habits can reduce their risk of high blood pressure by almost 80%, according to new findings from the second Nurses’ Health Study. …

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OCTOBER 2009

That bowl of healthy breakfast cereal you ate this morning could help you fight heart failure—the leading cause of hospitalization among older Americans. So could the broccoli you’ll have with dinner. Eating breakfast cereal and consuming plenty of vegetables and fruits were two of six lifestyle factors identified in a new study as protective against heart failure in men.…

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NOVEMBER 2009

Two newly published studies have largely confirmed a 2006 finding that the so-called “Mediterranean diet” may protect against mental decline with aging. In an accompanying editorial in the Journal of the American Medical Association, David S. Knopman, MD, of the Mayo Clinic said the results “provide moderately compelling evidence that adherence to the Mediterranean-type diet is linked to less late-life cognitive impairment.”…

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NOVEMBER 2009

Regular exercise today may help you recover from a stroke tomorrow. Mayo Clinic researchers report that people who perform some form of moderate exercise at least once a week improve their odds of having a good outcome after a subsequent stroke. Those who were couch potatoes prior to their stroke, however, were much more likely to have one or more bad outcomes.…

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NOVEMBER 2009

Dedication to just four healthy habits can reduce your risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer by almost 80%, according to a new study. Earl S. Ford, MD, MPH, of the US Centers for Disease Control and colleagues looked at the association between chronic diseases and these four lifestyle factors:…

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DECEMBER 2009

New proof that you’re never too old to exercise comes from an Israeli study that finds people over age 70 live longer and better if they’re physically active at least four hours a week. Physically active seniors were 31% to 58% less likely to die during the study than their sedentary peers, and 72% to 92% more likely to remain independent while performing the activities of daily living.…

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$ 1.95   |    JANUARY 2010

Two new studies suggest ways that lifestyle changes can help postmenopausal women reduce their risk of breast cancer.…

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FEBRUARY 2010

Along-term followup to the Diabetes Prevention Program trial has good news for the estimated 57 million Americans with high blood-sugar levels that put them in danger of developing diabetes: Intensive lifestyle changes aimed at modest weight loss reduced the rate of developing type 2 diabetes by 34% compared with a control group in people at high risk for the disease. Reducing dietary fat and calories, exercising such as walking about 150 minutes weekly and losing weight also proved more effective in diabetes prevention than metformin, an oral diabetes drug.…

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APRIL 2010

The omega-3 fats in fish oil, touted for their heart-health benefits, may have a bonus for heart patients: slowing biological aging at the cellular level. In a study of patients with stable coronary artery disease, those with the highest blood levels of omega-3s also showed the least shortening of telomeres, a sign of biological rather than chronological aging. Patients with the lowest omega-3 levels, on the other hand, had the fastest rate of telomere shortening when researchers compared measurements from the start of the study to five years later.…

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JUNE 2010

Postmenopausal women can protect their bones by exercising, but adding black cohosh—an herbal supplement thought to have estrogen-like effects—to exercise confers no extra protection. That’s the conclusion of a year-long clinical trial involving 128 women who recently went through menopause.…

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$ 1.95   |    JULY 2010

Next to sex and celebrities, health and nutrition may be the favorite topic of today’s mass media—from TV to magazines and newspapers to the Internet. But the popularity of “eat this, don’t eat that” advice doesn’t mean the information you’re getting is always accurate. In thousands of pages and programming hours, it’s easy to let a story run away from the science.…

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NewsBites (40)

 
JANUARY 2007

MAYBE WHAT YOU NEED to get off on the right foot recovering from a heart attack are dance lessons.…

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JANUARY 2006

WANT TO lose weight?Get a dog. Astudy by theUniversity ofMissouri-Columbia’sResearch Centerfor Human-AnimalInteraction foundthat …

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FEBRUARY 2005

Here’s another reason to stop smoking and limit your salt intake: You can reduce your risk of stomach reflux. The uncomfortable condition in which stomach juices flow back into the esophagus, technically known as gastroesophageal reflux, causes heartburn; if severe and untreated, reflux can increase the risk of esophageal cancer.…

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FEBRUARY 2006

IF YOU SUFFER chronic back pain, a new study suggests giving yoga class a try. Researchers at the Group Health Cooperative in Seattle compared three types of treatment among 101 back patients: a self-help book,…

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MARCH 2006

EVEN A LITTLE BIT of exercise can help prevent disability from arthritis, according to a new Northwestern University study. Researchers followed 3,554 adults ages 53-63 with osteoarthritis, the most common form of the ailment, taking part in the Health and Retirement Study. They divided participants into three groups based on their reported leisure activities at the study’s start: inactive, “insufficiently active” and those getting the recommended amount of exercise for adults—at least 30 minutes of moderate activity or 20 minutes of vigorous exercise on most days of the week.…

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MARCH 2006

CAN’T STICK TO YOUR exercise routine? Maybe an iPod would help. Research at Fairleigh Dickinson University, presented at the annual conference of NAASO, the Obesity Society, suggests that tuning in to music while exercising helps overweight people stick with it and get better results. The researchers evaluated the effect of music on exercise adherence in 41 moderately obese to overweight women as part of a 24-week weight-loss program. The group that walked to music lost significantly more weight and body fat than those who went tuneless. The music listeners also adhered better to the walking part of the regimen and were less likely to drop out.…

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MARCH 2006

THERE’S HOPE for healthy aging, at least based on an in-depth look at seniors in one Utah county. Since 1995, Duke University’s Cache County Memory Study has been following nearly everybody age 65 or older in this Utah county, which has one of the US’ highest conditional life expectancies at age 65. The latest findings, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, analyzed 10 different dimensions of healthy aging.…

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APRIL 2006

MODERATE ALCOHOL consumption seems to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke—but could the same cardiovascular benefits also help keep blood vessels in the brain healthier? That’s what researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston and the Harvard Medical School decided to test. Between 1995 and 2001, they evaluated cognitive function in 12,480 participants, ages 70 to 81, in the Nurses’ Health Study, a long-running study of women’s health and lifestyle. They did a follow-up assessment two years later.…

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FEBRUARY 2008

ALTHOUGH WE still have a long way to go, fewer Americans are couch potatoes, according to a survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).…

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MAY 2006

AS YOU get older, you lose “exercise efficiency”— how much energy you need to expend for a given physical activity—but new research suggests it’s possible to regain some of that youthful efficiency.…

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AUGUST 2005

THREE NEW STUDIES have shed a bit more light on prostate cancer, which will affect one in six men during their lifetime, and suggest ways men might reduce their risk as well as better evaluate their treatment options. The most extensive of the studies, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, looked for links between exercise and reduced risk of prostate cancer among 48,000 men working in health professions. The researchers studied data spanning 14 years, during which time 2,892 of the subjects developed prostate cancer, including 482 advanced cases. Participants were quizzed about how much time they spent doing a variety of physical activities: walking, running, hiking, bicycling, swimming laps, rowing, playing racket sports, doing calisthenics.…

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DECEMBER 2005

WHEN IT COMES TO exercise, the key to heart health isn’t how much you sweat—it’s how much time you put into physical activity.…

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DECEMBER 2005

A 14-YEAR STUDY by Stanford University researchers suggests that older people with joint and muscle pain may be able to run away from their aches.…

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SEPTEMBER 2005

WHEN IT COMES TO staying mobile in old age, the rule seems to be: Use it or lose it. That’s the conclusion of a study that followed 3,075 American adults, ages 70 to 79, for four and a half years to see who began to develop problems walking or climbing stairs. The participants who exercised regularly were only half as likely to develop mobility problems as those who were inactive.…

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NOVEMBER 2005

Now there’s no excuse not to tackle those household chores. Indiana University researchers have found that everyday activities such as housecleaning, yard work and washing the car can lower blood pressure in people with hypertension and prehypertension.…

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OCTOBER 2005

EXERCISE CAN HELP improve your chances of maintaining an independent lifestyle as you grow older, according to new research conducted by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.…

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OCTOBER 2005

EVIDENCE CONTINUES to mount that diets often don’t work, at least not over the long haul. Now a study at the City College of San Francisco suggests that dieters may not lose weight, but they do lose happiness.…

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OCTOBER 2005

ASMALL STUDY of prostate-cancer patients is the first randomized, controlled trial to suggest that diet and lifestyle changes might only help prevent cancer, but could affect cancer’s progression.…

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JANUARY 2005

If you think you can’t find time to exercise, here ’s one less excuse: Even just e x e rcising on the weekend is better than no exercise at all.…

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DECEMBER 2007

DO AMERICANS need a nutritional “traffic light” on their food labels, indicating whether to go ahead and eat it, exercise caution or stop?…

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MARCH 2005

DON’T BOTHER dosing up on vitamin C before exercising. Researchers at Colorado State University who tested mega-doses of vitamin C in hopes of proving that it could improve exercise performance discovered that the vitamin had no effect at all. The study, published in the Journal of Applied Physiology, aimed to link huge doses of Vitamin C— 500 milligrams daily plus an intravenous infusion— with increased breathing capacity and heart output. But neither older nor younger participants benefited as hoped, though the vitamin did reduce chemical damage to cells from oxidative stress.…

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APRIL 2005

IF YOUR PARENTS carried around a “spare tire,” you may need to work a little harder on keeping your own weight down. Researchers at Saint Louis University School of Public Health have concluded that more than half of the extra pounds some men pack on between young adulthood and middle age can be blamed on their genes. Environmental factors, including diet and exercise, account for the rest.…

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MARCH 2007

MEANWHILE, in other regulatory developments, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), which monitors advertising, recently penalized four makers of over-the-counter weight-loss products…

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MARCH 2007

IF YOUR NEW YEAR’S RESOLUTIONS to shape up and get fit are already lagging, the American Heart Association has a new online nutrition and fitness tracker it hopes will give you a jump start.…

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MAY 2005

What are the biggest myths and misconceptions about exercise? …

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JULY 2005

If you’re not always perfect in living a healthy lifestyle, you’re far from alone. A survey by Michigan State University researchers, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, found that only a tiny fraction of Americans get a perfect score on four key criteria for healthy living. Of the individual indicators, the most commonly achieved was not smoking (76 percent), followed by maintaining a healthy weight (40.1 percent). Only 23.3 percent said they eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily, however, and just 22.2 percent exercise 30 minutes or more, five times a week. Taken together, three percent met all four indicators and 13.8 percent could say yes to three. Only 34.2 percent met even two of the four. Women scored slightly better than men, as did upper-income households, college graduates and people age 65 and older;…

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SEPTEMBER 2005

THE GOOD ol’ Red Delicious is not only America’s most common apple—it’s also among the richest varieties in healthpromoting antioxidants. A Canadian study,…

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SEPTEMBER 2005

Can email help keep your habits healthier? Researchers at the University of Alberta set out to see whether regular email reminders could prod people to eat better and exercise more. Over a 12- week period, they sent weekly emails to 1,600 volunteers at five large Canadian workplaces. The electronic nagging seemed to work:…

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MAY 2008

ALL THOSE years you spent in school may be paying off—by helping protect your brain. A new study reports that the rate of cognitive impairment among Americans age 70 and older fell nearly 29% from 1993 to 2002. The researchers theorized that the improving statistics might be due to a corresponding improvement in educational attainment in that senior population, from an average 11 years of schooling to 12.…

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FEBRUARY 2009

ALMOST four in 10 Ame rican adults—and one in nine children— are using complementary and alternative medical (CAM) treatments, up slightly from five years ago, according to a new government study. Back pain was the top reason for turning to CAM treatments, followed by neck and joint pain and arthritis; popular treatments included deep-breathing exercises, meditation and massage therapy. Overall, the most commonly used adult treatment was fish oil.…

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Maybe there really aren’t “negative calories,” after all. Coca-Cola and Nestlé, makers of the highly touted Enviga beverage that claimed to cause those who drink it to burn more calories than it contains, will stop using phrases such as “drink negative.” The companies have agreed to alter their marketing to settle complaints by attorneys general from 26 states and the District of Columbia, along with paying $650,000.…

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Recommendations say you should aim for a 30-minute “dose” of moderate-intensity exercise, such as walking, five times a week. But how fast do you need to walk to achieve “moderate” intensity? San Diego State University researchers measured the cardiac-exertion effects of walking at various rates on 97 healthy adults, tested on a treadmill. The goal was defined as three METs (metabolic equivalents), a measurement of the body’s oxygen demand that approximates moderate exercise.…

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MAY 2009

Maybe there really aren’t “negative calories,” after all. Coca-Cola and Nestlé, makers of the highly touted Enviga beverage that claimed to cause those who drink it to burn more calories than it contains, will stop using phrases such as “drink negative.” The companies have agreed to alter their marketing to settle complaints by attorneys general from 26 states and the District of Columbia, along with paying $650,000.…

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MAY 2009

Recommendations say you should aim for a 30-minute “dose” of moderate-intensity exercise, such as walking, five times a week. But how fast do you need to walk to achieve “moderate” intensity? San Diego State University researchers measured the cardiac-exertion effects of walking at various rates on 97 healthy adults, tested on a treadmill. …

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JUNE 2009

HITTING 50 and still sedentary? Swedish scientists report that it’s not too late to reap the benefits of physical exercise—although it may take a decade of working out to catch up with your more-active peers. In a study of 2,205 Swedish men followed for more than two decades, after the first five years death rates were highest among those who were sedentary at the study’s start and lowest among the most-active men. …

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AUGUST 2009

The National Institute on Aging (NIA) has updated its popular exercise guide for Americans age 55 and up, based on advice from a 12- member expert panel. While the original guide, with more than 1 million copies in print since 1998, focused on healthy seniors, the completely revised version offers practical advice for all older adults. “We’ve expanded the target audience for the guide to include people who might not think they can be physically active,” says Chhanda Dutta, PhD, chief of the NIA’s Clinical Geron - tology Branch, who co-chaired the panel. This broader focus reflects recent research showing exercise is an effective treatment for some chronic conditions as well as for preventing falls.…

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DECEMBER 2009

Emphasizing the importance of lifestyle factors in diabetes risk, a new study says people who live in “healthier” neighborhoods may be less likely to develop the disease. Drexel University researchers studied 2,285 adults, ages 45 to 84, using a nine-question survey to rate the “healthiness” of participants’ neighborhoods by such factors as ease of nearby walking, access to fresh produce, availability of exercise facilities and even how often neighbors are seen out walking.…

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FEBRUARY 2010

Can active video games such as those played with the motion-controlled Nintendo Wii give you enough of a workout to count toward the goal of 30 minutes of daily exercise? A new study (funded by Nintendo) offers a cautious “yes,” demonstrating that playing games included in the Wii Sports and Wii Fit packages can be the equivalent of walking on a treadmill at three miles an hour or faster. That’s the threshold for “moderate-intensity” activity, about 3 metabolic equivalents (METS), a measure of energy expenditure.…

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JUNE 2010

Despite advances in pharmaceutical treatments for osteoporosis, diet and lifestyle remain women’s first line of defense, according to a new statement by the North American Meno - pause Society. The society recommended periodic review of seven key measures plus annual assessment of fall risk after menopause.…

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JULY 2010

If you’re not overweight and want to stay that way, you may need to exercise even more than the 150 minutes per week that federal guide-lines recommend. And if you’re already overweight, it may be too late for exer-cise to get you slim—although physical activity can still have important benefits against chronic disease. Those were the depressing findings of a new analysis of data on 34,079 healthy US women, average age 54, from the Women’s Health Study.…

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Special Reports (35)

 
$ 1.95   |    JANUARY 2006

SOMETIMES IT SEEMS science moves in zigzags, taking a step backwards for every two steps forward. What once appeared a promising breakthrough turns out to be a disappointment—or worse. This past year, for instance, was filled with news dashing scientists’ once-high hopes for vitamin E as a weapon against an array of ailments.…

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FEBRUARY 2006

SO HOW ARE WE DOING? Last month marked the oneyear anniversary of the release of the new federal dietary guidelines, and April will see the first birthday of the revised “food pyramid,” dubbed MyPyramid. The new guidelines and high-tech pyramid sparked a flurry of media attention a year ago. But since then it’s been up to us to put the government’s advice into practice, changing our diets and behavior.…

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MARCH 2005

THE FLURRY OF NEWS reports about the new federal dietary guidelines and updating of the “food pyramid” has left some Americans in a dither about following this latest word from Uncle Sam. Nine daily servings of fruits and vegetables may sound like a prescription for crunching carrots pretty much from morning till night. Just exactly how much is “at least three ounces” of whole grains and how can you tell if you’re getting enough? And that call to exercise up to 90 minutes a day—who has time?…

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$ 1.95   |    MARCH 2008

THIS ISSUE marks the completion of the 25th year of publishing for the Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter—a quarter-century that’s seen nutrition science not only make repeated breakthroughs but also take firm hold in the public’s mind.…

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FEBRUARY 2008

RECENT RESEARCH is giving new clues about how to attack diabetes—the fifth leading killer of Americans, responsible for 73,000 deaths a year.…

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$ 1.95   |    APRIL 2005

On Monday, April 18, men and women from around the world will run in the 109th Boston Marathon. Participating in this event is far from a one-day affair; many have been training for at least six to nine months, if not longer. While running 26.2 miles (marathon distance) all at once may be far beyond your own fitness goals, setting up your own personal “marathon” may be within reach.…

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$ 1.95   |    MAY 2005

Association showed that brain and memory health ranked second only to heart health among the greatest medical worries of those ages 55 to 64. Recent research may provide the best hope for treating and possibly even preventing the disease since it first came to medical attention in November 1906, when Alois Alzheimer first blamed a patient’s dementia on organic changes in the brain.…

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$ 1.95   |    APRIL 2007

IF YOU HAVE EVER watched the tail-end of a race like this month’s Boston Marathon, as exhausted— or surprisingly energized—runners cross the finish line, you may have considered all the preparation and training they endured. For most individuals, particularly first-time marathoners, that training schedule starts six to nine months prior to the event. It involves a fairly rigid timeline and structure for the specific distance and pace for each run throughout the training period in order to prepare the body for that lengthy journey.…

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$ 1.95   |    APRIL 2006

IF YOU THINK that preparing for a race like the Boston Marathon on April 17 or another endurance event goes beyond physical training, you’re right. Following a training schedule is certainly important, but without giving your body the right fuel—and enough of it—your efforts may be vain.…

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$ 1.95   |    MAY 2007

AS YOU AGE, your tendency to fall increases, often with serious consequences. But two recent studies offer some encouraging news: Exercise and vitamins may not only protect your bones, but also help keep you from falling in the first place.…

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JANUARY 2008

MOST OF US heard the dire warnings about coffee when we were growing up: Drinking coffee would “stunt your growth,” mom lectured, her tone darkly hinting this was perhaps the least of coffee’s health hazards.…

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$ 1.95   |    APRIL 2008

THERE’S EXCITEMENT in the air in Boston as the town—- along with Tufts’ 6th Annual President’s Marathon Challenge team (see box)—gears up for the 112th Boston Marathon this month.…

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$ 1.95   |    NOVEMBER 2005

Scientists are debating whether this syndrome’s parts really add up to a greater combined health worry as whole. Here’s what you can do now to reduce your risk, regardless.…

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$ 1.95   |    JULY 2006

IT’S A FAMILIAR PROBLEM: Following this or that diet program, you manage to lose those unwanted 10 pounds. Just months later, though, the scale and your favorite jeans tell you that those 10 pounds are back, maybe with an additional five more. Called “yo-yo dieting” or “weight cycling,” it’s a common frustration for dieters.…

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$ 1.95   |    OCTOBER 2005

Recent research discovers even more reasons to lace up and get walking.…

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$ 1.95   |    OCTOBER 2005

Walking’s cardiovascular benefits recently were explored by researchers at Queen’s University in Belfast, Northern Ireland.…

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$ 1.95   |    OCTOBER 2005

Need any more motivation to pick up a pedometer as part of your walking gear? University of Tennessee professor Dixie Lee Thompson, PhD, says her research shows that using pedometers motivates people to become more active.…

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$ 1.95   |    AUGUST 2006

RESEARCH HAS SHOWN that exercise can add not only years to your life, but life to your years, improving flexibility and balance while combating conditions ranging from diabetes to maybe even Alzheimer’s disease. Studies have shown that exercise and diet combined are more effective in helping reach weight-loss goals than diet alone, and that there’s nothing as effective as regular exercise to keep weight off. So why do so many of us find it so hard to get off the couch and onto the treadmill?…

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$ 1.95   |    AUGUST 2006

If you find your commitment to your exercise program lagging, consider these suggestions to help you stay on the path to fitness:…

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$ 1.95   |    JANUARY 2005

The third key to osteoporosis pre v e ntion is weight-bearing exerc i s e . “Weight bearing,” Dr. Dawson- Hughes explains, means any activity done in a full standing-upright position.…

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DECEMBER 2007

TUFTS PSYCHOLOGY professor Robin Kanarek, PhD, laughs at the memory of a visiting family from Finland’s encounter with American portion sizes.…

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$ 1.95

IF YOU’RE A MIDDLE-AGED couch potato, here’s yet another reason to get off your duff: Regular exercise now may help prevent dementia and Alzheimer’s disease later. Researchers at the Aging Research Center of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have found that exercising at least twice weekly in midlife reduces the risk of dementia by more than 50% and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by more than 60%.…

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FEBRUARY 2005

Getting older does not mean inevitable loss of strength, energy and vigor. The frailty we associate with aging is largely due to muscle loss, which results mainly from inactivity. Here are seven exercises designed to get you started on your journey to greater strength, balance and coordination.…

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MAY 2006

Aging does not have to be synonymous with illness or disability. The onset of most chronic degenerative conditions we associate with old age is governed by your genetic heritage – which you’re stuck with – and your lifestyle, which you can do something about. Understanding these ten “biomarkers” is a crucial first step towards making the changes essential to extending your life span.…

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$ 1.95   |    JULY 2008

If you’ve been toting a pack of water bottles around with you like a camel, worried about getting the magic eight to 10 glasses of water every day, there’s good news: You can relax. While it’s important to stay hydrated—especially on these hot summer days or if you’re older and your thirst alert isn’t as reliable as it used to be—recent scientific reviews suggest there’s little basis for that well-known water goal. Proof of the purported benefits of drinking lots of water turns out to be equally elusive.…

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$ 1.95   |    SEPTEMBER 2008

How the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine looks for treatments on the cutting edge.
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) is one of the 27 institutes and centers of the federal government’s National Institutes of Health (NIH). NCCAM employs rigorous science to explore the possible benefits of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices, such as herbal supplements, acupuncture, tai chi and the like.…

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$ 1.95   |    APRIL 2009

Study shows runners live longer, less likely to become disabled.
On Patriot’s Day, Monday, April 20, some 25,000 runners will assemble at the starting line for the 113th Boston Marathon, the world’s oldest annual marathon. Among them will be members of Tufts’ 7th Annual President’s Marathon Challenge team, which raises funds to support nutrition, medical and fitness research, education and outreach programs at the university; this year’s goal is $400,000. The largest known collegiate marathon program in the US, the Tufts team has been featured on PBS’ “Nova,” the popular science documentary program.

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$ 1.95   |    JULY 2009

Here’s a quick quiz to see whether you’re up to date on the latest thinking about fats and health:
• When scrutinizing a product’s Nutrition Facts label, do you check the Total Fat content before the Calories?
• Does your kitchen contain only olive oil, because it’s supposed to be the healthiest choice?
• Do you turn up your nose at corn oil, thinking of it as only a notch or two healthier than lard?

If you answered “yes” to these questions, you’ve got some catching up to do. It’s true that in the early 1990s, nutrition science suffered from what some have called “fat phobia,” thinking that reducing dietary fat—any type of fat—was a key to healthy living.…

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AUGUST 2009

The height of summer is the perfect time to enjoy Mother Nature’s bounty, particularly in the form of berries. Prices are lower and quality is top-notch. A scoop of fresh raspberries on your morning whole-grain cereal, a snack of sweet blueberries eaten out of hand, a strawberry smoothie whipped up with low-fat yogurt in the blender— it’s easy to “berry up.”…

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$ 1.95   |    AUGUST 2009

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$ 1.95   |    DECEMBER 2009

With the H1N1 flu virus raising the stakes for this year’s “cold and flu season,” health-conscious folks are looking for every possible edge to reduce the odds of getting sick. That includes enlisting nutrition in the battle against seasonal illnesses.…

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$ 1.95   |    FEBRUARY 2010

Judging by the headlines on health-news reports, it almost seems that if you drink enough green tea, you could live forever. In scientific journals and the popular press alike, this ancient beverage has been touted for benefits ranging from fighting cancer and heart disease to beautifying your skin and preventing cavities. How much of the recent excitement over green tea is science, not just hype?…

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$ 1.95   |    APRIL 2010

Take a good look at those runners in this month’s Boston Marathon— you may be seeing them around for a long time. New research suggests that phrase “running for your life” may apply literally when it comes to endu - rance athletes such as marathoners, whose exercise habits seem to have anti-aging effects deep down at the cellular level. It’s among the most intriguing findings from a flurry of new studies showing how exercise contributes to healthy aging (see story below).…

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$ 1.95   |    APRIL 2010

Still need a nudge to get going? A quartet of new studies in the Archives of Internal Medicine should provide a scientific shove, out of your easy chair and into an exercise regimen.…

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Health Updates (36)

 
August 2010

How hard do you have to work out to protect your brain? Pretty intensely, appears to be the answer — perhaps more vigorously than you'd have to exercise to protect your heart. In an analysis of data on 1,211 patients from the long-running Framingham Heart Study, those who reported regularly engaging in moderate to heavy physical activity were 45% less likely to develop any kind of dementia than those reporting only light exercise. Similar figures were seen when looking only at risk of Alzheimer's disease. Over two decades of follow-up, 244 total participants developed either Alzheimer's or another form of dementia. It's not necessarily only heavy physical activity that can reduce risk of dementia, researchers commented, "but we can fairly say that at least moderate exercise can be protective." — International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease…

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July 2010

You might want to read this next item standing up. Researchers report that people who spent more than 6 hours a day sitting were significantly more likely to die over a 14-year span than those spending less than 3 hours daily on their duffs. The association was independent of physical activity and other risk factors such as Body Mass Index or smoking. Women who sat a lot saw a greater relative jump in mortality — a 34% increase — than men (17%). Even those sitting 3-5 hours were slightly more likely to die than those sitting the least. Although the research involved more than 120,000 healthy participants (average age 63.6 for men, 61.9 for women) in an American Cancer Society study, death from cardiovascular disease was most strongly associated with sitting time. Scientists speculated that sitting might be a marker for other unhealthy behaviors, such as overeating, or it might have independent metabolic effects. And even though the association was observed regardless of physical activity levels, those who sat the most and also exercised the least were at the greatest overall risk of dying. So now might be a good time to stand up and do some jumping jacks. — American Journal of Epidemiology…

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July 2010

The jury's still out on mental "exercises" to protect your aging brain, but evidence keeps mounting that physical activity does help prevent cognitive decline. A new Canadian study suggests that the earlier in life you get off the couch and get moving, the better for your brain in later years. Researchers analyzed data on 9,344 women, average age 71.6, participating in an osteoporosis study who were also assessed using a standard test for cognitive ability. Women who reported that they were physically active in their teens — even if they slacked off later in life — were the least likely to have developed cognitive impairment. But if you started your workout routine late, don't despair: Women who were inactive as teens but began exercising at age 30 or age 50 also had lower odds of cognitive impairment compared to lifelong couch potatoes, although not to the degree seen among those active as teens. Researchers cautioned that the study wasn't designed to show cause and effect. Given the proven health benefits of exercise, however, knowing your brain might also benefit is more motivation to break a sweat. — Journal of the American Geriatrics Society…

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July 2010

Want to reduce your risk of stroke, the nation's third most-common killer? Get your blood pressure under control. The new Interstroke study of 3,000 stroke cases matched with 3,000 controls in 22 countries reports that hypertension is the strongest predictor of stroke risk, followed by smoking, abdominal obesity, diet and physical activity. A history of high blood pressure was associated with more than 2 1/2 times the risk of suffering a stroke. Smokers were at more than double the risk of stroke. Although body-mass index (BMI) wasn't associated with greater risk, abdominal obesity as measured by waist-to-hip ratio was. Eating more fruit and fish was linked to lower stroke occurrence, while eating lots of red meat, organ meats, eggs, fried foods, pizza and salty snakes all boosted risk. Moderate alcohol intake actually decreased risk, but having more than 30 drinks per month was associated with a 50% greater likelihood of stroke. Regular exercise cut stroke risk by more than 30%. — The Lancet …

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June 2010

Could the "good" HDL cholesterol, already known to help protect against heart disease, also reduce your risk of cancer? A new meta-analysis finds that cancer risk dropped 36% for every 10 mg/dl higher increment of HDL cholesterol. Richard H. Karas, MD, PhD, of Tufts Medical Center, and colleagues were quick to caution that their research wasn't designed to prove cause and effect; it could be that low HDL may simply be a marker for less-healthy lifestyles linked to cancer risk. Dr. Karas and colleagues looked at 24 prior randomized controlled trials totaling 76,265 intervention-group patients and 69,478 controls over an average period of five years. The relationship between higher HDL and lower cancer incidence not only persisted but became even stronger after adjusting for demographics and other risk factors. Regardless of which way the cause-and-effect arrow actually points, the findings are further evidence for the importance of a healthy diet and exercise, which can boost HDL while helping to reduce risk of chronic diseases that may contribute to cancer. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology …

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June 2010

The metabolic changes triggered by just 10 minutes of brisk exercise can linger for as long as an hour, according to new research in the emerging field of "metabolomics" — metabolic profiling. Researchers tested the metabolic effects of exercise on three groups: people who become short of breath with exertion, the healthy middle-aged, and marathon runners. While metabolic changes from 10 minutes on the treadmill could still be measured an hour later, people who were already fit and thinner people showed the most lasting benefits from a workout. And longer exertion produced even more metabolic changes: The 25 Boston Marathon runners tested had 10-fold increases in key metabolic products after running the race; by measuring metabolic changes, scientists could even tell which runners had finished the marathon under four hours and who were laggards. Next, researchers hope to measure metabolic changes in people on different diets. "The long-term hope," they say, "is you could use this in making our way toward personalized medicine." — Science Translational Medicine …

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May 2010

You already know that smoking, drinking too much alcohol, not getting enough exercise and eating a poor diet are all bad for you. But a new study of almost 5,000 British adults over 20 years dramatizes how such unhealthy habits add up to shorten your lifespan — especially in combination. Researchers looked at four risky behaviors: smoking tobacco, drinking more than two alcoholic beverages daily for women or three for men, getting less than two hours of physical activity weekly, and eating less than three servings daily of fruits and vegetables (most guidelines call for even more). Among people with all four bad habits, 29% died during the 20-year span. That compares with only 8% for people with none of the risky behaviors. The effect on mortality was the equivalent of adding 12 years to the age of the unhealthiest group, researchers said, adding, "You don't need to be extreme. . . . It should be possible for most people to manage" to avoid these life-shortening habits. — Archives of Internal Medicine …

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May 2010

Recommendations of the scientific experts reviewing the federal Dietary Guidelines for Americans will be presented at the committee's final meeting next week, and sugary soft drinks and sodium are in the bullseye. The expert committee's report on May 12 will be followed by a public-comment period in June, with the final 2010 guidelines issued later this year. The guidelines are updated every five years to reflect changes in scientific knowledge about nutrition. The committee is said to be targeting sugar-sweetened soft drinks, especially for children, and considering lowering the recommended daily sodium limit from 2,300 mg to 1,500 mg. It's also weighing alternatives to milk for those who are lactose-intolerant, and may recommended soymilk as the next best thing. Other concerns expected to affect the 2010 guidelines include: the obesity epidemic; a focus on reducing added sugar, fats, refined carbohydrates and sodium rather than discretionary calories; helping people get more exercise; and shifting the overall food environment toward a more plant-based diet. — American Society of Nutrition…

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April 2010

To reduce your risk of stroke, lace up your walking shoes. That's the conclusion of a new analysis of data on nearly 40,000 older women participating in the Women's Health Study (WHS) over about 12 years: The more the women walked and the faster their pace, the less their risk of stroke. Previous studies have reported inconsistent results about whether physical activity helps protect against stroke — and, indeed, the researchers failed to find such a relationship in the WHS data. But when they looked specifically at walking, women who walked 2 hours or more per week were 14%-18% less likely to suffer any type of stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke risk dropped by 50% or more with greater walking time. A faster pace — 3 mph or greater — was associated with a 25%-37% reduced stroke risk after adjusting for known risk factors. Scientists couldn't explain why vigorous exercise wasn't linked to stroke protection but walking was; one possibility they posited was that moderate activity such as walking might be more effective in reducing blood pressure. — Stroke …

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April 2010

Despite advances in pharmaceutical treatments for osteoporosis, diet and lifestyle remain women's first line of defense, according to a new statement by the North American Menopause Society. The society recommended periodic review of 7 key measures plus annual assessment of fall risk after menopause. The 7 diet and lifestyle keys to reducing postmenopausal risk of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures cited by the organization are:
* Maintaining a healthy weight
* Eating a balanced diet
* Obtaining adequate calcium (1,200 mg per day at age 50 and beyond) and vitamin D (800 to 1,000 IU vitamin D3 per day)
* Participating in appropriate exercise
* Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption
* Not smoking
* Taking measures to prevent falls.

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April 2010

If you're not overweight and want to stay that way, you may need to exercise even more than the 150 minutes per week that federal guidelines recommend. And if you're already overweight, it may be too late for exercise to get you slim — although physical activity can still have important benefits against chronic disease. Those were the depressing findings of a new analysis of data on 34,079 healthy US women, average age 54, from the Women's Health Study. Over an average follow-up of 13 years, the women gained an average of nearly 6 pounds. Among the 13.3% who gained less than this, the average amount of exercise was 60 minutes daily — 420 minutes a week — of moderate physical activity, such as brisk walking (or half as much intense exercise, such as jogging). Physical activity was associated with reduced weight gain, but only among normal-weight women; for those with a BMI of 25 and up, exercise had no effect on weight control. The women maintained a "usual diet," suggesting that if you can't carve out an hour for activity daily, the only way to keep the pounds off is restricting calories. — JAMA…

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April 2010

Postmenopausal women can protect their bones by exercising, but adding black cohosh — an herbal supplement thought to have estrogen-like effects — to exercise confers no extra protection. That's the conclusion of a year-long clinical trial involving 128 women who recently went through menopause. German researchers randomly assigned 86 women to a vigorous exercise program that interspersed high-impact aerobics and strength training with intervals of brisk walking and step aerobics. The rest of the women joined a "wellness" group with only light, infrequent exercise. Half of the exercise group also received daily doses of black cohosh. After a year, women in the exercise group showed no significant decline in bone density at the spine and a slight increase in bone mass at the hip; those in the black cohosh subgroup saw no added benefit from the herb. Women in the wellness group, by comparison, saw declines in both measures of bone density. — Menopause …

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February 2010

If you're not overweight and want to stay that way, you may need to exercise even more than the 150 minutes per week that federal guidelines recommend. And if you're already overweight, it may be too late for exercise to get you slim — although physical activity can still have important benefits against chronic disease. Those were the depressing findings of a new analysis of data on 34,079 healthy US women, average age 54, from the Women's Health Study. Over an average follow-up of 13 years, the women gained an average of nearly 6 pounds. Among the 13.3% who gained less than this, the average amount of exercise was 60 minutes daily — 420 minutes a week — of moderate physical activity, such as brisk walking (or half as much intense exercise, such as jogging). Physical activity was associated with reduced weight gain, but only among normal-weight women; for those with a BMI of 25 and up, exercise had no effect on weight control. The women maintained a "usual diet," suggesting that if you can't carve out an hour for activity daily, the only way to keep the pounds off is restricting calories. — JAMA …

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January 2010

Need yet another reason to get up off the couch? Moderate exercise may reduce the risk of mild cognitive impairment associated with aging, while high-intensity aerobics may actually help those already suffering from the condition. In the first of two new studies, Mayo Clinic researchers compared the exercise habits reported by 1,324 older men and women to their cognitive abilities. Those with a habit of moderate physical activity — such as brisk walking, aerobics, yoga, strength training or swimming — in midlife were 39% less likely to develop mild cognitive impairment. Moderate activity in late life was associated with a 32% risk reduction. In the second study, 23 adults already with mild cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to supervised, high-intensity aerobics, 45 to 60 minutes daily, four times a week. Compared to a control group of 10 who did only stretching exercises, the aerobics group showed improvements in cognitive function. The benefit was greater for women, possibly because of differing metabolic and hormonal responses to exercise by gender. — Archives of Neurology …

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January 2010

Can active video games such as those played with the motion-controlled Nintendo Wii give you enough of a workout to count toward the goal of 30 minutes of daily exercise? A new study (funded by Nintendo) offers a cautious "yes," demonstrating that playing games included in the Wii Sports and Wii Fit packages can be the equivalent of walking on a treadmill at 3 miles an hour or faster. That's the threshold for "moderate-intensity" activity, about 3 metabolic equivalents (METS), a measure of energy expenditure. Japanese researchers put 12 healthy, normal-weight adults, ages 25 to 44, through the paces on Wii games in an airtight test chamber; by measuring changes in carbon dioxide in the room, researchers could estimate players' energy use. About a third of the Wii games tested reached the 3-METS level. Only one game — the Wii Fit Plus single-arm resistance activity — approached the 6-METS threshold of "high-intensity" exercise. — American Heart Association …

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December 2009

That phrase "running for your life" may apply literally when it comes to endurance athletes such as marathoners, whose exercise habits seem to have anti-aging effects at the cellular level. New German research has found that middle-aged marathoners and triathletes, as well as younger track-and-field pros, have longer telomeres — DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes that shorten with aging — than their sedentary peers. The study, conducted first in mice and then largely confirmed with humans, found what researchers called "direct evidence of an anti-aging effect of physical exercise." Endurance runners (average age 51.1) and pro track-and-field athletes (average age 20.4) were compared to sedentary control groups. Both groups of athletes had longer telomeres than the older control group. "Our data improve the molecular understanding of the vasculoprotective effects of exercise," researchers said, "and underline the potency of physical training in reducing the impact of age-related disease." — Circulation …